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Catalysis and Chemical Engineering: It is the phenomenon of altering the velocity of a chemical reaction by the presence of a catalyst. The temperature at which the catalyst activity is maximum is the optimum temp richer. The excess energy that the reactant molecules must acquire to change into the product is the activation energy. It is given by the energy required to break the bond minus the current energy of the reactants

Types of Catalysis:

  • Homogeneous
  • Heterogeneous
  • Enzymatic
  • Heterogenized Homogeneous Catalyst
  • Biocatalysts

The study or creation of chemical processes for efficiently converting materials into more useful materials or energy is known as chemical engineering. It is a vast field with ongoing effects on lives. It investigates new and improved manufacturing procedures. Safety precautions for chemical workers are outlined in this document. It creates methods for separating gas and liquid components. A chemical engineer's job would be to design and maintain projects that can transform organic matter and raw materials into other useful chemicals. 

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PolymerScience: It is macromolecular science is a subfield of polymer science connected with polymers primarily synthetic polymers such as plastic and elastomers. The field of polymer science includes researchers in various forms including physics, chemistry, and engineering.

Nanotechnology: It is the manipulation of matter on a near-atomic scale to produce new structures, materials, and devices. The technology promises scientific advancement in many sectors such as medicine, consumer products, energy, materials, and manufacturing Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of knowledge and engineering where cautions that take place at range in the nanometre scale are utilized in the design, characterization, product, and operation of tackle, structures, bias, and systems. Nano-sized patches live in nature and can be created from a variety of products, similar to carbon or minerals like silverware, but nanomaterials by description must have at least one dimension that's lower than roughly 100 nanometres

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3d Printing and Addictive Manufacturing: It is a process of making 3-dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The formation of a 3D-printed thing is completed using additive processes. In an additive process, an object is created by laying down sequent layers of material until the object is generated. The additive manufacturing process that creates a physical object from a digital design

The term “additive manufacturing” refers to the creation of objects by “adding” material. Therefore, 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing (AM) or additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer-controlled process that makes three-dimensional objects by putting materials, usually in layers.

Charles Hull is the inventor of stereolithography, the first commercial rapid prototyping technology commonly known as 3D printing

They are 3 types of 3D printing:

  • Stereolithography (SLA)
  • Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
  • Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

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Graphene: It is collected from a single layer of carbon atoms organized in a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. It is an essential building block for a variety of well-known carbon materials such as three-dimensional (3D) graphite, carbon nanotubes, zero-dimensional (0D) fullerene, one-dimensional (1D). It was exposed in 2004 by peeling off graphene flakes from bulk graphite with sticky.

2D-Materials: A class of nanomaterials defined by their property of being merely one or two atoms thick.

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Bio-nanoTechnology: It is a brand new subject of technological know-how that introduces unique physicochemical and organic residences of nanostructures and their packages in diverse regions including medicinal drugs and agriculture.

Nanotechnology:  Nanotechnology, also docked to nanotech, is the use of matter on an infinitesimal, molecular, and supramolecular scale for artificial purposes. The foremost, wide description of nanotechnology appertained to the particular technological thing of precisely manipulating titles and motes for fabrication of macro scale products, also now appertained to as molecular nanotechnology. A further generalized description of nanotechnology was latterly established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defined nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers.

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Semiconductor: It is called a semiconductor because it's a type of material that has an electrical resistance that is between the resistance typical of substance and the resistance typical of paddings, so it is thought of, as semiconductors electricity. Semiconductors are an essential element of electronic paddings, so it thought of, as semiconductors of electricity. bias, enabling advances in dispatches, computing, healthcare, military systems, transportation, clean energy, and innumerable other operations.

They are 2 types of semiconductors:

  • Intrinsic Semiconductor
  • Extrinsic Semiconductor

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Tribology: It is the wisdom and engineering of interacting shells in relative stir. It includes the study and operation of the principles of disunion, lubrication, and wear. Tribology is largely interdisciplinary, drawing on numerous academic fields, including drugs, chemistry, accouterments wisdom, mathematics, biology, and engineering. People who work in the field of tribology are appertained to as tribologists.

The abecedarian objects of study in tribology are tribosystems, which are physical systems of reaching shells. In oiled tribosystems, contact stress can produce tribofilms. Subfields of tribology include memoir tribology, Nanotribology, space tribology, and tribotronics

Components of Tribology:

  • Sliding-contact
  • Rolling-contact bearings
  • Seals
  • Gears
  • Cams
  • Tappets
  • Piston rings
  • Electrical brushes
  • Cutting Forming tools

Tribological Properties:

  • Friction
  • Wear
  • Lubrication of interacting surfaces

Surface Engineering: It is the sub-discipline of accouterments wisdom that deals with the face of solid matter. It has operations in chemistry, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering (particularly in relation to semiconductor manufacturing). Solids are composed of a bulk material covered by a face. The face which bounds the bulk material is called the face phase. It acts as an interface to the girding terrain. The bulk solid material is called the bulk phase.

The face phase of a solid interacts with the girding terrain. This commerce can degrade the face phase over time. Environmental declination of the face phase over time can be caused by wear and tear, erosion, fatigue, and creep.

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Biopolymers: Biopolymers are polymers produced from natural sources. These can either be chemically synthesized from natural accouterments or biosynthesized by living organisms. These are made up of monomeric units clicked together by covalent bonds. These monomeric units form larger motes. As biopolymers are deduced from living organisms like plants and microbes, they're a renewable resource, unlike most polymers, which are petroleum-grounded polymers.

Bioplastics: Bioplastics are a type of plastic derived from renewable biomass sources, such as agricultural by-products, food waste, and other organic materials. Unlike conventional plastics, which are made from petroleum-based sources, bioplastics are manufactured using natural, biological processes.

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Biomedical Engineering: It is the operation of engineering principles and styles to break medical and natural problems. Biomedical Engineering constitutes mortal beings' foremost sweat to understand the living world in terms of the introductory lore and to comprehend the body medium in terms of their technological creations. It also integrates electrical, mechanical, chemical, and life wisdom principles in the development of new healthcare technologies and systems.

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Composite Materials: A compound material is a combination of two accouterments with different physical and chemical parcels. When they're combined they produce a material that is specialized to do a certain job, for case to come stronger, lighter, or resistant to electricity. They can also ameliorate strength and stiffness.

They are 4 types of Composite Materials: Polymer matrix composites, Metal matrix composites, Ceramic matrix composites, Carbon matrix composites

Coating Materials:

Coating, from a face engineering point of view, is a subcaste of material deposited onto a substrate to enhance the face parcels for erosion and wear protection. The coating material could be an organic emulsion, a thermoset or thermoplastic polymer, or a wax.

Ceramics Materials:

Ceramic material is an inorganic, non-metallic oxide, nitride, or carbide material. Some rudiments, similar to carbon or silicon, may be considered pottery. Ceramic accouterments are brittle, hard, strong in contraction, and weak in shearing and pressure

They are 3 types of Ceramics Materials:

Earthenware, Stoneware, Porcelain

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Plastics and Recycling Materials: Plastic recycling is the processing of plastic waste into other products. Recycling can reduce dependence on landfill, conserve resources and protect the environment from plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. 

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Environmental and Green Materials:

Leafage paraphernalia moment is defined as paraphernalia that is non-poisonous, meliorate occupancy health, lower cost, and conserves energy and water use and waste products. Non-toxic paraphernalia is paraphernalia that does not beget detriment to the terrain, to the stoners of the material, or to the directors of the material.

Green Environment narrates the creativities for environmental conservation and the advanced health of the ground. This contains supporting practices like informed consumption, conservation practices, and stock in renewable energy.

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A solid-state electrolyte: (SSE) is a solid ionic captain and electron-separating material and it's the characteristic element of the solid-state battery. It's useful for operations in electrical energy storehouses (EES) in the negotiation of the liquid electrolytes set up in particular in lithium-ion battery

Batteries: The battery is made up of a combination of accouterments like zinc (anode), manganese (cathode), and potassium. These accoutrements are all earth rudiments.

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Carbon Nanotubes: It is a tube prepared of carbon with widths typically measured in nanometers. Carbon nanotubes are cylinder-shaped allotropic forms of carbon, the maximum usually produced below chemical vapor deposition. They possess astounding chemical, and optical properties, mechanical, and electronic. Being amongst the most promising materials in nanotechnology, they are also expected to revolutionize medicine.

They are 3 types of Carbon Nanotubes:

  • Armchair carbon nanotubes
  • Zigzag carbon nanotubes
  • Chiral carbon nanotubes

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Nanostructure: A nanostructure is defined as any structure with one or further dimension, measuring in the nanometer scale range, that is, 10 – 9m.

Nano films: Nano flicks are thin layers of material gauging from a bit of a nanometer to several micrometers in consistency. They represent an infinitesimal-thick frontier with the girding terrain, where the vast maturity of physicochemical processes does. Nanostructured flicks are a new technology grounded on tone-assembled monolayers, where a single subcaste of a chemical or patch is absorbed onto the face of the fiber. 

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Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering is named as it's because it's a part of Science which deals with the comfort accessories needed by civilians with respect to their introductory requirements of the sanctum, transportation, workplace, and others.The profession of designing and executing structural workshop that serves the general public, similar to heads, islands, courses, conduits, roadways, power shops, sewerage systems, and other structure.

Mechanical Engineering: Technically, mechanical engineering is the operation of the principles and problem-working ways of engineering from design to manufacturing to the business for any object. Mechanical engineering is an engineering branch that combines engineering drugs and mathematics principles with accouterments wisdom, to design, dissect, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems.

Architectural Engineering: It focuses its study on the design of all building systems, including the mechanical, lighting/electrical, and structural systems of a building, while also planning the construction process of buildings and building systems. 

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Metals Materials: Essence is a solid material that conducts heat & electricity, hard, candescent, malleable, fusible, and ductile. Essences include precious essence similar to gold, platinum, and tableware while artificial essence includes sword, bobby, and aluminum. Mineral mining involves the birth of minerals, including coal and precious rocks, similar to diamonds.

Mining Materials: Mining accouterments Ores recovered by mining include essence, coal, oil painting shale, rocks, limestone, chalk, dimension gravestone, gemstone swab, potash, clay, and complexion. Mining is needed to gain the utmost accouterments that cannot be grown through agrarian processes, or feasibly created instinctively in a laboratory or plant

Types of Mining:

  • Strip mining
  • Open-pit mining
  • Mountaintop removal
  • Dredging and high wall mining.

Biomaterials: Biomaterials are accouterments that have been designed to affiliate with natural systems, for the treatment, addition, or relief of natural functions. Biomaterials and natural systems interact both ways.

 Type of Biomaterials:

  • Metals
  • Ceramics
  • Polymers

Tissue Engineering: It is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, accouterments styles, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, ameliorate, or replace different types of natural Tissues. Towel engineering frequently involves the use of cells placed on towel pulpits in the conformation of new feasible towels for medical purposes but isn't limited to operations involving cells and towel pulpits. While it was formerly distributed as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in compass and significance it can be considered as a field of its own.

Materials for Green Technology:

  • Green tech – or green technology – is a marquee term that describes the use of technology and wisdom to reduce mortal impacts on the natural terrain.
  • Green technology encompasses a wide area of scientific exploration, including energy, atmospheric wisdom, husbandry, material wisdom, and hydrology.
  • Numerous green technologies aim to reduce emigrations of carbon dioxide and other hothouse feasts in order to help climate change
  • Solar power is one of the most successful green technologies and is now cheaper to emplace than fossil energies in numerous countries.Investors can support green technology by buying stocks, collective finances, or bonds that support environmentally friendly technology

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Electronic Materials: Electronic Accoutrements means any electronic data, databases, or content used in the creation of the Product or in the distribution and optimization of the Product.

Electronic Accoutrements shall be understood to mean Raw Accoutrements that have been reconciled( or else converted); formatted in agreement with specified conditions; and supplied with all applicable Coding Information and Emphasis markers as specified by LOIS.

Optical Materials: Optic accouterments are generally understood to be transparent accouterments, i.e., accouterments with good light transmission in some spectral ranges, flaunting little immersion and scattering of light. still, immersion can be employed for optic pollutants, and indeed light scattering is employed in some operations

Types of Optical Properties:

  • Refraction
  • Absorption
  • Reflection
  • Scattering of light

Magnetic Materials: Glamorous accouterments are accouterments studied and used substantially for their glamorous parcels. The glamorous response of a material is largely determined by the glamorous dipole moment associated with the natural angular instigation, or spin, of its electrons.

Types of Magnetic Materials:

  • Diamagnetic
  • Paramagnetic
  • Ferromagnetic Materials

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Medical devices: A medical device can be any instrument, outfit, apply, machine, appliance, implant, reagent for in vitro use, software, material, or other analogous or affiliated composition, intended by the manufacturer to be used, for medical purposes

  • Medical bias is used to diagnose, help, cover, prognosticate issues of, treat, or ease symptoms of medical conditions. Replace or enhance the corridor of the body.
  • Medical device bracket grounded on risk Class Im (measuring device) = Low threat. Class is (sterile device) = Low threat. Class IIa = Medium threat. Class IIb = Medium to high threat. Class III = High threat

Medical Engineering: It concerns the application of engineering principles to medical problems, including the replacement of damaged organs, instrumentation, and the systems of health care, including diagnostic applications of computers. 

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Surface Engineering: It is the sub-discipline of accoutrements wisdom that deals with the face of solid matter. It has operations in chemistry, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering (particularly in relation to semiconductor manufacturing). Solids are composed of a bulk material covered by a face. The face which bounds the bulk material is called the face phase. It acts as an interface to the girding terrain. The bulk solid material is called the bulk phase.

The face phase of a solid interacts with the girding terrain. This commerce can degrade the face phase over time. Environmental declination of the face phase over time can be caused by wear and tear, erosion, fatigue, and creep.

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Material Chemistry: The section of Materials Science and Engineering that investigates the chemical nature of materials.

Physics: It is the use of physics to describe the physical properties of materials. It is a synthesis of physical sciences such as chemistry, solid mechanics, solid-state physics, and materials science.

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  • Computational Modeling of Metals & Materials
  • Nano-electronics and Nano-electronic Devices
  • Metamaterials
  • Crystallography
  • Optoelectronic Materials
  • Biosensor and Bio-electronic Materials
  • Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Protection
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Textiles Industries
  • Biomaterials in Drug Delivery Systems
  • Emergent Materials
  • Quantum Materials And Quantum Engineering
  • Photoelectrochemistry
  • Electrofluids
  • Properties of Biological Materials
  • Functional microstructures 
  • Soft Matter & Nanoscale Materials
  • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Computation & Artificial Intelligence
  • Biopolymers & Bioplastics
  • Photo, Thermo, and Astro chemistry
  • Petro and  Kinetics Chemical
  • Metallurgy
  • Medicinal and Clinical Chemistry
  • Stereo Chemistry
  • Hydrogen,Liquid fuel
  • Chemometrics
  • Radio and Nuclear Chemistry
  • Mass spectrometry and its applications
  • Biosensors & Biorobotics
  • Laser, & Photonics